   for more explications please buy the:
      handbook of modern japanese grammar
      -----------------------------------
   printed in 1981 by THE BOKUSEIDO PRESS
   ISBN 0-89346-208-X
   distributed in the USA by HEIAN INTERNATIONAL INC
   P.O. box 2402 South San Francisco CA 94080


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  V E R B  T A B L E         !   THE  5  VERBFORM-BASES        !!
  ==================         !    AND THEIR ENDINGS ARE        !! T-FORM BASE
                             !    -----------------------      !! -----------
                             ! V1  !  V2 !  V3  !  V4  !  V5   !!     !
                             !---------------------------------!!
                             !  A  !   I !  U   !   E  !   O   !!     !
                             !     !     PLUS (+ &)    !       !!     !
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             ! STEAM! DICT-  !  NA-! MA- !      !  BA  !   O   !! TA- !  TE
NR  ENGLISH  !VERB  ! ENDING !   I ! SU  !      !      !       !!  I  !
BASE         ! LIKE !        !     !     !      !      !       !!     !
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 TO BUY     ! KA   !  = U   !  WA !   I !    U !   E  !   O   !!   I !   T
1 TO PLAY    ! ASO  !  =BU   !  BA !  BI !   BU !  BE  !  BO   !!  BI !   N (DE
1 TO SWIMM   ! OYO  !  =GU   !  GA !  GI !   GU !  GE  !  GO   !!  GI !   I (DE
1 TO WRITE   ! KA   !  =KU   !  KA !  KI !   KU !  KE  !  KO   !!   I !   I
1 TO LIVE    ! SU   !  =MU   !  MA !  MI !   MU !  ME  !  MO   !!  MI !   N (DE
1 TO DIE     ! SHI  !  =NU   !  NA !  NI !   NU !  NE  !  NO   !!  NI !   N (DE
1 TO CUT     ! KI   !  =RU   !  KA !  KI !   KU !  KE  !  KO   !!  RI !   T
1 TO RETURN  ! KAE  !  =RU   !  RA !  RI !   RU !  RE  !  RO   !!  RI !   T
1 TO REPAIR  ! NAO  !  =SU   !  SA ! SHI !   SU !  SE  !  SO   !! SHI ! SHI
1 TO WAIT    ! MA   !  =TSU  !  TA ! CHI !  TSU !  TE  !  TO   !!   T !   T
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   VERBS WHERE THE ENDINGS ARE   CONSONANT +ERU  +IRU  +IERU  +OERU
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
2 CONSONANT  ! TABE !  =RU   !  -  !   - !   RU !  RE  !  YO   !!   - !   -
2 CONSONANT  ! KI   !  =RU   !  -  !   - !   RU !  RE  !  YO   !!   - !   -
2 CONSONANT  ! MIE  !  =RU   !  -  !   - !   RU !  RE  !  YO   !!   - !   -
2 CONSONANT  ! OBOE !  =RU   !  -  !   - !   RU !  RE  !  YO   !!   - !   -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   IRRIGULAR VERBS
   ---------------
3 TO DO      ! SURU ! SURU   ! SHI ! SHI ! SURU !SURE  ! SHIYO !! SHI ! SHI
3 TO COME    ! KURU ! KURU   !  KO !  KI ! KURU !KURE  !  KURO !!  KI !  KI
3 TO GO      ! I    !  =KU   !  KA !  KI !   KU !  KE  !    KO !!   T !   T
3 TO SAY     ! OSSHA!  =RU   !  RA !   I !   RU !  RE  !    RO !!  RI !   T
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
V1 = NEGATIVE BASE                (NA-,NAI NAKATTA  AND OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS
V2 = POLITE FORM BASE             (MASU,MASHITA,MASEN,MASEN DESHITA,MASHOO
V2 = POLITE FORM BASE             (-I               AND OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS
V3 = DICTIONARY FORM BASE         (-U               AND OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS
V4 = CONDITIONAL FORM BASE        (-E,  -ERU        AND OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS
V5 = IMPERATIV BASE               (BAD SPEACH
TA = PLAIN PAST + I WILL DO FORM  (TA- TAKUNAI,TAKATTA,TAKUNAKATTA, AND OTHERS
TE = ENGLISH ING FORM             (TE-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------









   base       + letters befor the     +  a    i   u      e    o        te
     Nr?        +  dictionary form      + nai masu dict   ba   oo   tai  te
     -------------------------------------------------------------------------

     1-Verb     +       a, i,  u, -  o  +  wa    i    u    e    -    i   t
     1-Verb     +       a, i,  u, e, o  +  ba   bi   bu   be    b   bi   n (de
     1-Verb     +       a, i,  u, e, o  +  ga   gi   gu   ge    g   gi   i (de
     1-Verb     +       a, i,  u, e, o  +  ka   ki   ku   ke    k    i   i
     1-Verb     +       a, i,  u, -  o  +  ma   mi   mu   me    m   mi   n (de
     1-Verb     +       -  i   -  -  -  +  na   ni   nu   ne    n   ni   n (de
     1-Verb     +   hi, a, i,  u, e, o  +  ra   ri   ru   re    r   ri   t
     1-Verb     +     sha,sa, ha,       +  ra    i   ru   re    r   ri   t
     1-Verb     +       a, i,  u, e, o  +  sa  shi   su   se   sh  shi shi
     1-Verb     +       a, i,  u, e, o  +  ta  chi  tsu   te   ch    t   t
     2-Verb consonant + -  i,  -  e, -  +   -    -   ru   re    y    -   -
     2-Verb consonant + -  -   -  e, -  +   -    -   ru   re    y    -   -
     2-Verb     +       - ie,  -  -  oe +   -    -   ru   re    y    -   -
     2-Verb     +       -  i,  -  e, -  +   -    -   ru   re    y    -   -

       / irregular verbs like
     3 / Verb                             ika  iki  iku ikere  ik  iki  it
     3 / Verb                             shi  shi suru sure shiy  shi  shi
     3 / Verb                              ko   ki kuru kure  kor   ki  ki
     1 / Verb                            kira kiri kiru kire  kir kiri  kit

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  A D J E C T I V E    A N D    C O P U L A     A N D     N O U N

                C O N J U G A T E D           T A B L E

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ENG-   ! JAPA- ! DICT ! PRESENT      !     PAST          ! CONDI-  ! TE-  !ADV
LISH   ! NESE  ! EN-  ! AFFIR! NEGA- !AFFIR  ! NEGATIV   ! TIONEL  !FORM  !BIAL
       ! LIKE  ! DING ! MATIV! TIV   !MATIV  !           !         !      !FORM
       !       !  =   !  +   !  -    !  +    !    -      !         !      !
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I-ADJ   ENDINGS ON    -AI  -II  -OI  -UI
------
RED    ! AKA   !  =I  !  I   ! KUNAI ! KATTA ! KUNAKATTA ! KEREBA  ! KUTE ! KU
GREAT  ! OOKI  !  =I  !  I   ! KUNAI ! KATTA ! KUNAKATTA ! KEREBA  ! KUTE ! KU
HEAVY  ! OMO   !  =I  !  I   ! KUNAI ! KATTA ! KUNAKATTA ! KEREBA  ! KUTE ! KU
THICK  ! ATSU  !  =I  !  I   ! KUNAI ! KATTA ! KUNAKATTA ! KEREBA  ! KUTE ! KU
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NA-ADJ  ENDING ON  -EI  AND ALL THE OTHER FORMS
------
BEAUTI ! KIREI !  -NA !  NA  !  UNCHANGEABLE IN ALL THE TIMES             ! NI
PRACTIC! BENRI !  -NA !  NA  !   ONLY THE COPULA CHANGES  -SEE BELOW-     ! NI
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOUNS                            LIKE NA-ADJECTIVS
-----
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COPULA !                          POLITE FORM
------ !                          -----------
       ! DESU  ! DESU !  DESU! DEWA  ! DESHI-!   DEWA    ! NARABA  !  DE  !
       !       !      !      ! ARI-  !  TA   ! ARIMASEN  !         !      !
       !       !      !      ! MASEN !       !  DESHITA  !         !      !
       !-----------------------------------------------------------------------
       !                          PLAIN FORM
       !                          ----------
       ! DESU  ! DESU !  DA  ! DEWA  ! DATTA !   DEWA    ! NARABA  !  DE  !
       !       !      !      ! NAI   !       ! NAKATTA   !         !      !
       !       !      !      !       !       !           !         !      !
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------



   adj      = adjectives
   conj     = conjection
   Suf      = sufix
   N        = noun
   Nr       = any number from 1 to 10
   pn suf   = propper noun suffix
   Pref     = prefix
   prt      = particle
   spez     = specual sentence
   V1-V6    = verbs
   ?        = question marker
   birabira = and all the others are sounds

   some exemples have been introduced,
   they are always behind their base form

       V1 -     misenkei               E negative base
       V2 -     renyokei               E continuative base nouns are changed into verbs
       V3 -     rentaikei              E attributive base
       V3 -     shuushikei             E conclusive base  dictionary form
       V3 -     shuushikei             E which follows the verb and some adjectives
       V4 -     kateikei               E conditional base of the verbs
       V5 -     meireikei              E imperative base (bad speech)
       V6 -     suiryookei             E tentative base


   this had been sorted at this place " / "
   --------/--------------------------------------------------------------------


       V2 -agaru                       E finish something
       V2 -agaru                       E up
       V2 -ageru                       E finish something
       V2 -ageru                       E up
       V3 -aida                        E while,all the time when
           aitsu = are                 E his,her their
      Suf -amari                       E over
    juu nenamari                       E over ten years
           are = aitsu                 E his,her their
           are wa = arya               E over there is
           ariwa shinai = arya shinai  E there is nothing  (see also nai
     conj -aruiwa                      E or
           arya = are wa               E over there is
           arya shinai = arewa shinai  E there is nothing  (see also nai
       V2 -asaru                       E do something in a frenzy
       V4 -ba                          E conditional base of the verbs
       V4 -ba ii n desu ka?            E how (what etc) to do
       V4 -ba ii no ni                 E wish
       V4 -ba koso                     E emphatic
       V4 -ba v3)  -dake               E wish
       V4 -ba v3)  -hodo               E wish
       V3 -baai                        E when,in the case of
       V2 -bae                         E shown (heard) to advantage
       Nr -bai                         E multiplicativ (time
      prt -bakari                      E  1) only,merely,just,(see also dake)
      prt -bakari                      E  2) always
      prt -bakari                      E  3) about,approximately
      prt -bakari                      E  4) little soon,little quantity
      prt -bakari                      E  4) with only this little bit of
      prt -bakari                      E  5) to the extend that
      prt -bakari                      E  5) victually,practically,almost (see also kurai)
      prt -bakari                      E  6) be about to (see also tokoro)
      prt -bakari                      E  7) have just done,action just,completed (see tokoro)
      prt -bakari                      E  8) just,because
      prt -bakari                      E  9) on the point of ,just short of
      prt -bakari                      E 10) thinking that it is the least time to do
      prt -bakari                      E 11) thinking that it was only
      prt -bakari                      E 12) not only  but also  (see also dake)
       V3 -bakari                      E only,be about to,to the extend that pratically,almost
       V3 -bakari de wa nai            E not only that
        N -bakari de wa naru  mo       E not only but also
        N -bakari ka   mo              E not only but also
      prt -bakashi = bakari            E more colloquial
      prt -bakkari = bakari            E more colloquial
      prt -bakkashi = bakari           E more colloquial
        N -bamu                        E be slight in some condition
      Suf -ban                         E ordinal
       Nr -ban                         E ordinal counters
       ichiban                         E number one
      Suf -banme                       E ordinal
       ichibanme                       E the first
           batabata                    E footstepps or flapping
       V3 -bekarazaru                  E (precedes noun) that which should not be  -ed
       V3 -bekarazu                    E don't,must not
       V3 -beki                        E must should
           berabera                    E talking glibly
           biribiri                    E sound of tearing up
        N -biru                        E apparent state
           bishobisho                  E drip,soak to the skin
       Nr -bon,pon,hon                 E long round object
     pref -boo                         E a certain
     pref -boo                         E deceased
           boofu                       E deceased father
           boojitsu                    E a certain day
           boribori                    E munch,crounch,scranch oneself oneself violently
           boroboro                    E crumble into decay
           botabota                    E dripdrip
           boyaboya                    E absent minded
           bukubuku                    E bubbling,fat,gaggy
       Nr -bun                         E part,fraction
           burabura                    E dangling
        N -buri                        E lapse of time
        N -buru                        E pretend to be,pose as,assume airs
           buruburu                    E shaking
           buyobuyo                    E soft and flabby
     pref -byoo                        E sickness
           byoonin                     E sick people
           cha                         E (see  te wa
           chakichaki                  E efficient
       Nr -chaku                       E clothes
   pn suf -chan                        E for children
           chanchan                    E regularly promptly
           chau = te shimau            E completiton or finality of an action
      Suf -chikaku                     E arriving at
    tookyoochikaku                     E arriving at tookyoo
           chimau = te shimau          E completiton or finality of an action
           chinchin                    E boiling sound of hot water
           chokuchoku                  E toddling trees
   pn suf -choo,machi                  E town,district
       Nr -choo                        E a pair of scissors
       Nr -choo                        E beancurd
      Suf -chuu                        E during, in the midst
     kyuukachuu                        E during the war,in the midst of the war
     pref -chuu                        E super
           chuujin                     E superman
       V2 -da                          E informal perfective ending
       V2 -da ato de                   E after__ing
       V2 -da baai                     E (conditionel) if in case
      adj -da kara                     E because,since is the adj
       V2 -da tokoro da                E have just
           dabudabu                    E loose garment
     conj -daga                        E but however
     pref -dai -tai                    E great
   hyakunendai                         E in the year 100
      Suf -dai                         E level
    1man endai                         E level of 10000yen
     pref -dai                         E no 1
           daiichi                     E number one
      Suf -dai                         E period,age
      Suf -dai                         E size
           daigakkoo                   E university
       Nr -dai                         E vehicles,cars,trucks
           dai = de atte mo            E even if, even though
           dai = demo                  E but,or something
           dai = desu ka               E ___is it
     conj -dakara                      E so therefor
        N -dakara to itte              E just because
      prt -dake                        E  1) only
      prt -dake                        E  2) as much as,as many as
      prt -dake                        E  3) just,only (see also bakari)
      prt -dake                        E  4) the more the more (see also hodo
       V3 -dake                        E as much as,only,just
        N -dake atte                   E as expected of
       V3 -dake atte = dake ni         E as might be expected
       V3 -dake de wa nai              E not only does 'he' not
        N -dake ni                     E as expected of
      prt -dake shika                  E only,nothing but
     conj -dakedo                      E but
     conj -dakeredomo                  E but
      Suf -dan                         E circle
        bundan                         E literary circle
     conj -danmi                       E but
      prt -dano                        E  1) and,or,and the like,and so forth
      prt -dano                        E  2)  and what nor (often used in pairs)
        N -darake                      E full of
        ? -dare + v -te + mo           E no matter who
        ? -dare                        E who
     spez -dare de mo nai              E it is nobody
        ? -dare ka                     E someone
     spez -dare ka kimashita           E someone came
     spez -dare ka shirimasen          E i don't know who
        ? -dare mo + negative verb     E nobody
        ? -dare mo                     E every one
       V3 -daroo                       E be probable
      adj -daroo                       E tentative
       V2 -dasu                        E out
       V2 -dasu                        E start___ing
        N -datera ni                   E in spite of the fact that
     conj -datta                       E but yet
        N -datta                       E it was
     conj -dattara                     E if so
        N -datte                       E even if
      prt -de                          E  0) (this particle has many meanings)
      prt -de                          E  1),speaking in,out of something etc
      prt -de                          E  1) going by,writing with,doing with
      prt -de                          E  2) according to,by
      prt -de                          E  3) in exchange for,for
      prt -de                          E  4) at, in, (undeterminated places
      prt -de                          E  4a) location of action,or location of existence
      prt -de                          E  4b) time consumed for an certain action
      prt -de                          E  5) among,between,within,in (limitting the condition
      prt -de                          E  6) at the age of
      prt -de                          E  7) with
      prt -de                          E  8) so (beginning of a sentence
      prt -de                          E  9a) may be considered as the second base of the copula
      prt -de                          E  9b) or as a particle  because
     conj -de                          E and so
       V2 -de                          E because,the cause of the main verb
       V2 -de                          E conjunction for sequences of action and
       V2 -de                          E conjunction for simultaneous action,while
       V2 -de                          E how the action of the main verb is performed
       V2 -de                          E sentence ending mild colloquial womens speach
        N -de aru                      E become (see naru and te aru
       V2 -de aru                      E describe an action which has occured and is still in force
        N -de aru bakari dewa naku mo  E not only but also
        N -de aru koto                 E become (see te aru koto
        N -de aru to wa                E shows surprise,following the topic
        N -de atta / atta              E there where occasions when
        N -de atte mo                  E even if, even though
       V2 -de ga aru                   E be substantial
        N -de mani awaseru             E manage with,serve the purpose
        N -de mo                       E even,,whether    or (used in pairs)
        N -de mo nai                   E not even
        N -de mo nai    de mo nai      E it isn't   it isn't
        N -de mo nan de mo             E everything including
        N -de mo nan de mo nai         E nothing of that sort
     conj -de wa                       E well than
        N -de wa                       E if,accordingly,(used in comparison) well than
        N -de wa aru ga                E (the following cause often is a negative concept
        N -de wa inai                  E (is a suffix) be enough
        N -de wa nai                   E is not
     conj -demo                        E but
      prt -demo                        E or something
     conj -deshitara                   E if so
       V3 -deshoo                      E probability
     conj -desuga                      E but however
     conj -desukara                    E so therefor,because
        ? -dochi ka                    E either one
        ? -dochi mo + negative verb    E neither
        ? -dochi mo                    E both
      prt -do                          E but,thougt,and yet
       Nr -do                          E occurence time
        ? -dochira + v -te + mo        E no matter which of the two
        ? -dochira                     E which of the two
           dokidoki                    E sound of heart throbbing,nervous
        ? -doko + v -te + mo           E no matter where
        ? -doko                        E where
        ? -doko ka                     E somewhere
     spez -doko ka e ikimashita        E he went somewhere
     spez -doko ka shitte imasu ka     E do you know where
        ? -doko mo + negative verb     E no where (nirgendwo)
        ? -doko mo                     E every where
       V3 -dokoro de wa nai            E emphatic,far from
        N -dokoro de wa nai            E far from
       V3 -dokoro ka                   E far from__ but
        N -dokoro ka                   E far from__ but,rather to the contrary
       V3 -dokoro ka                   E not at all__ but
       V3 -dokoro no hanashi de wa nai E emphatic,far from
        N -dokoro no hanashi de wa nai E far from
       V3 -dokoro no sawagi de wa nai  E emphatic,far from
   pn suf -domo                        E official documents
      Suf -domo                        E plural of tomo
        ? -donata + v -te + mo         E no matter who (polite)
        ? -donata                      E who (polite)
        ? -donata ka                   E someone
        ? -donata mo + negative verb   E nobody
        ? -donata mo                   E every one
           dondon                      E sound of a drum,walk briskly,sound of a gun
        ? -donna + v de + mo           E no matter to how
        ? -donna ni + v te + mo        E no matter to how much
        ? -donna ni                    E to what extend
        ? -donna ni ka                 E how very much
        ? -donna ni mo + negative verb E (doesn't exist)
        ? -donna ni mo                 E (doesn't exist)
        ? -dono + noun + v -te + mo    E no matter which noun among
        ? -dono + noun                 E which noun among
        ? -dono + noun ka              E (except for case)
        ? -dono + noun mo + negat verb E no,none
        ? -dono + noun mo              E every
        ? -doo + v -te + mo            E no matter how
        ? -doo                         E how
   pn suf -doo                         E old province
      Suf -doo                         E shop name
   fuugetsudoo                         E the shop fuugetsu
     pref -doo                         E the same
           doonin                      E the same person
        ? -doo ka                      E somehow
        ? -doo mika                    E somehow
        ? -doo mo + negative verb      E not at all,somehow
        ? -doo mo                      E (doesn't exist)
     spez -doomo arigatoo gozaimasu    E thank you very much
     spez -doomo nihongo wa muzukashii desu E japanese is very difficult
     spez -doomo nihongo wa muzukashii desu E lit  no matter how hard it work
        ? -doona + noun + v -te + mo   E no matter what kind of (noun)
        ? -doona + noun                E what kind of (noun)
        ? -doona + noun ka             E (except for case)
        ? -doona + noun mo +negat verb E no kind
        ? -doona + noun mo             E every kind
   pn suf -doori,toori                 E avenue,street
      Suf -dooshi                      E all through
         yodooshi                      E all night
       V2 -dooshi                      E keep   ing
        ? -dore + v -te + mo           E no matter which one
        ? -dore                        E which among many
     spez -dore de mo ii desu          E anyone is all right
        ? -dore ka                     E one of many
        ? -dore mo + negative verb     E none
        ? -dore mo                     E every one of them
     spez -dore mo ii desu             E everything is good
        ? -dotchi + v -te + mo         E no matter which of the two
        ? -dotchi                      E which of the two
     spez -dotchi de mo kamawanai      E it doesn't matter which one
        ? -dotchi ka                   E either one
        ? -dotchi mo + negative verb   E neither
        ? -dotchi mo                   E both
           doyadoya                    E sound of many footsteps
      prt -e                           E going to (see also no 4)
      prt -e                           E motion toward
      prt -e no                        E going to
      adj -ei,and all the others are   E na-adjectives
       Nr -en                          E yen
       V2 -enai                        E is not possible
     pref -fu                          E dis- un-
           fukki                       E reversion
   pn suf -fu                          E metropolitan prefecture
     pref -fuku                        E compound
           fukubun                     E compound sentence
       Nr -fuku                        E cup of green tea
     pref -fuku                        E double
           fukusha                     E duplication
       Nr -fuku                        E hanging scrodl
       Nr -fuku                        E packed of powdered medecine
       Nr -fuku                        E puff of tabako smoke
     pref -fuku                        E re-
     pref -fuku                        E sub-
           fukuiinkai                  E subcomitee
     pref -fuku                        E vice-
           fukutaitoryoo               E vicepresident
           furafura                    E being dizzy,being exhausted
       V3 -furi o suru                 E pretend
           futei                       E uncertainty
      Suf -fuu                         E styl,manner
      nihonfuu                         E japanese styl
           fuufuu                      E sound of hard breathing
      prt -ga                          E  1) the word preceding ga is the subject
      prt -ga                          E  2),potential,desiderative,fear,envy
      prt -ga                          E  2) whether or not,like,dislike,necessity
       V3 -ga                          E conjugative particle,but however
        N -ga atte no koto             E because of
       V3 -ga mono wa nai              E there is no need to
           gabugabu                    E drink liquid thirstly
       V2 -gachi                       E end to
       V2 -gai                         E worth___ing
        N -gakari de                   E combined
        N -gakaru                      E tinged with
        N -gamashii                    E looks like,sounds like,smacks of,it tastes like
           gamigami                    E speak crossly
      adj -gara                        E conject about the feelings or emotions of a third person
      adj -gari                        E a person exeedingly sensitive to the quality described by the adj
       V2 -garu                        E   will do something
   pula n -garu                        E conject about the feelings or emotions of a third person
      Suf -gata                        E about time
        yuugata                        E about twilight
      Suf -gata                        E model
    1970nengata                        E model of 1970
      Suf -gata                        E pl form
      anatagata                        E you (plural)
           gatagata                    E rattling noise,trembling
       V2 -gatai                       E difficult to do
        N -gatera                      E while,at the same time
   pn suf -gawa,kawa                   E riwer
           gayagaya                    E talk noisily
        N -ge                          E seeming condition of others
       V2 -ge                          E seeming condition of others
      adj -ge                          E seeming condition of others
           gechagecha                  E chattering,tattling
           gerogero                    E laugh loudly
     pref -gi                          E artificial
           gisoku                      E artificial leg
     pref -gi                          E in-law
           giba                        E mother in-law
     pref -giji                        E pseudo
           gijishuukyoo                E pseudo religion
      prt -giri,kiri                   E only
           gobogobo                    E sound of gushing water
        N -goro                        E approximate (time)
        N -goto                        E and all,together with,inclusive every
      Suf -goto                        E matter
       tadagoto                        E ordinary matter
        N -goto ni                     E every
       V3 -goto ni                     E every time
           gubugubu                    E sound of rinsing ones mounth
   pn suf -gun                         E country subprefecture
           gungun                      E walk briskly
        N -gurai / kurai               E about,approximate,quality or quantity (see hodo
      prt -gurai /kurai                E about,approximate,quality or quantity
           guruguru                    E turn around and around
        N -gurumi                      E alltogether,including
           guuguu                      E sound of deep sleeping,hungry stomach
       Nr -hai,pai                     E a cup of
     pref -hai                         E anti
           hainichi                    E antijapanese
     pref -hai                         E exclude
       Nr -haitsu                      E rounds
       V2 -hajimeru                    E start___ing
           hakihaki                    E speak clearly
     pref -han                         E anti oppose
           hanbei                      E anti american
     pref -han                         E half,semie
           hanbyoonin                  E a person not quite well
      Suf -han                         E offense
        shohan                         E the first offense
     pref -han                         E pan-
           han-tai-heyoo               E pan-pazific
       V2 -hata                        E manner,way,how to
     conj -hatashite                   E as expected
       V2 -hatasu                      E finish___up
       V2 -hateru                      E end up,be finished
      Suf -hatsu                       E departing
    kyootoohatsu                       E departing from kyootoo
       V3 -hazu                        E normal expectation,supposed to,expected to
       V3 -hazu ga nai                 E it is not likely that,there is no reason to expect
       V3 -hazu mi ni                  E in the fact of
       V3 -hazu wa nai                 E it is not likely that,there is no reason to expect
       Nr -hen                         E chapter,district,volume
       Nr -hen                         E occurence time
           herahera                    E laugh condescendingly
     pref -hi                          E be subjected to
      Suf -hi                          E cost
   kenshikuhi                          E cost of construction
     pref -hi                          E non- un-
           hibunmeikoku                E uncivilised country
     pref -hi                          E receiving
           hisenryookoku               E occupied country
       V3 -hi ni wa                    E if,in case
       Nr -hiki                        E small animal
     pref -hira                        E common
           hirashain                   E mere clerk
      prt -hodo                        E  1) to the extend of,to the degree of,(comparation)
      prt -hodo                        E  2) about (see also kurai and bakari
      prt -hodo                        E  3) the more__ the more__ (see also dake)
       V3 -hodo                        E to the extend that,so much so that
       V3 -hodo no koto wa nai         E less than
           hokahoka                    E warm
       Nr -hon,bon,pon                 E long round object
     pref -hon                         E the same
           honnin                      E the same person himself
       V3 -hoo                         E literally dirextion) side
       V3 -hoo                         E one as compared with or,opposed to another
       V3 -hoo ga ii                   E it is better to
           hyokohyoko                  E unsteady steps
       V3 -hyooshi n                   E in the fact of
      Suf -i                           E rank
           ichii                       E the first in the rank
        N -igai ni                     E except,outside of
       V3 -igai ni wa                  E expect that
        N -igo                         E after
      adj -ii,ai,oi,ui                 E real adjectives
        N -ijoo                        E more than,beyond,further
       V3 -ijoo wa                     E so long as
        N -ika                         E less than,below
        N -ikoo                        E on and after
        ? -iku + counter + ka          E several
        ? -iku + counter + v -te + mo  E no matter how many
        ? -iku + counter               E how many
        ? -iku + counter mo + negat v  E not many
        ? -iku + counter mo            E any number,several
     pref -iku                         E several some
           ikunichi                    E several days
        ? -ikura + v -te + mo          E no matter how much (money)
        ? -ikura                       E how much (money)
     spez -ikura demo arimasen ga orei no shirushi ni totte kudasai
    E it i`snt much but please take it as a token of mine
        ? -ikura ka                    E some amount
        ? -ikura mo + negative verb    E not much
        ? -ikura mo                    E any amount,many
        ? -ikutsu + v -te + mo         E no matter how many
        ? -ikutsu                      E how many
        ? -ikutsu ka                   E some quantity,some number
        ? -ikutsu mo + negative verb   E not many
        ? -ikutsu mo                   E any number,several
     pref -ima                         E modern
           imadoki                     E present age
        ? -itsu + v -te + mo           E no matter when
        ? -itsu                        E when
        ? -itsu ka                     E some time
        ? -itsu mo + negative verb     E never
        ? -itsu mo                     E always
        N -izen                        E before,time ago
          -ja = de wa                  E negative use of the copula
     yonjuujaku                        E a little under 40
      Suf -jaku                        E less than
      Suf -ji                          E matter,affaire
    kanshinji                          E matter of interest
     pref -ji                          E next
           jinan                       E the second son
     pref -ji                          E of the place
           jisake                      E sake of the place
      Suf -ji                          E order
      dainiji                          E the second in order
   pn suf -ji                          E road
       V2 -jidooshi + te iru           E descriptive meaning
   pn suf -jima,shima                  E island,isle
   pn suf -jima,shima                  E isle
           jimejime                    E dump and humid
        N -jimiru                      E soak into,penetrate into (shimiru is the verb)
      nihonjin                         E japanese
      Suf -jin                         E nationality
           jirojiro                    E staring at something
    shuukaijo                          E meeting hall
   pn suf -jo                          E miss
      Suf -jo                          E place
       Nr -joo                         E article of documents
        N -joo                         E from the stand point of
      Suf -joo                         E place
      undoojoo                         E atletic field
       Nr -joo                         E ream of paper
     pref -joo                         E regular
           jootokui                    E regular customer
       Nr -joo                         E straw mat
     pref -jun                         E semi- quasi
           junkesshoo                  E semi final
      Suf -juu                         E entire
     1nichijuu                         E during one day
      Suf -juu                         E fold
         nijuu                         E two folds
           juujuu                      E sizzling sound
      Suf -ka                          E -ize
      gutaika suru                     E materialize
       V3 -ka                          E  1) interrogative particle
      prt -ka                          E  1) sign of interrogative
       V3 -ka                          E  2) rhetorical question
      prt -ka                          E  2) rhetorical question - emphatic
       V3 -ka                          E  3) uncertainty
      prt -ka                          E  3) uncertainty
      prt -ka                          E  4) or compartition
      prt -ka                          E  5) either or
      prt -ka                          E  6) whether or not
      prt -ka                          E  7) something to the effect
      prt -ka                          E  8) cooloquial form of = shika
       Nr -ka                          E lesson
      Suf -ka                          E profession
   geijutsuka                          E artist
       V3 -ka doo ka                   E whether or nor
       V3 -ka doo ka ni yotte          E depending on whether or not
       V3 -ka doo ka ni yotte          E depending on whether or not
        N -ka na                       E i wonder if that is (by men)
       V3 -ka nai ka                   E whether or nor
       V3 -ka shira n                  E i wonder if
        N -ka shira n                  E i wonder if that is (by women)
        N -ka to bakari omoimashitau   E thinking that it was the best thing
        N -ka to bakari omou           E thinking that it is the best thing
       V3 -ka to omottara              E when i thought that,as soon as
       V3 -ka to omou to               E when i thought that,as soon as
           kachikachi                  E sound of two hard objects touching together
       V2 -kaesu                       E re__doing something
       V3 -kagiri                      E as far as
       Nr -kai                         E repetiton time
      Suf -kai                         E world
        shakai                         E society
   pn suf -kaidoo                      E highway
     pref -kaigi                       E conference
       V2 -kakeru                      E start___ing (but soon interrupted
     conj -kakushite                   E in this way
       V3 -kamo shirenai               E may,possibly,(lit it means) one cannot know even whether
       V3 -kamo shirenu                E may,possibly,(lit it means) one cannot know even whether
       Nr -kan                         E volume
       V3 -kanari ni                   E in place of,in exchange for
       V2 -kaneru                      E be hard to
           kankan                      E sound of bell,being very angry,strong heat
       V3 -kankei joo                  E due to the fact that
      prt -kara                        E  1)  from
      prt -kara                        E  1a) spacial or
      prt -kara                        E  1b) tempura
      prt -kara                        E  2)  after doing
      prt -kara                        E  3)  since  ,because
       V3 -kara koso                   E precisely,because
       V3 -kara ni wa                  E now that,since if
      prt -kara no                     E coming from
        N -kara shitte                 E at a mere glance or taste,sound etc
       V3 -kara to itte                E just because
      adj -karoo                       E tentative
      adj -karoo ga?                   E no matter how,no matter what
           kasakasa                    E sound of dry object touching each other being very dry
      suf -kata                        E 1) way of doing
      suf -kata                        E 2) have the appearience of
      suf -kata                        E 3) changes some verbs into nouns
     conj -katsu                       E more over
      adj -katta                       E past positive form of adj
      adj -kattara                     E conditional if
   pn suf -kawa,gawa                   E riwer
        N -ke                          E essence,quality
      Suf -ke                          E family
     yamadake                          E the yamadaclan
      adj -ke                          E makes an adj into an abstract noun of the quality described by the adj
       Nr -ken                         E house
   pn suf -ken                         E prefecture
      adj -kereba                      E conditional if
      prt -keredo                      E but (see also ga)
       V3 -keredo                      E but however
     conj -keredo mo                   E but
     conj -keredomo                    E but
      prt -keredomo                    E but (see also ga)
       V3 -keredomo                    E but however
           kerokero                    E nonchalant
     pref -ki                          E your
           kikoo                       E your school
       V3 -ki ga aru                   E have a mind to
       V3 -ki ga suru                  E have a feeling that,feel like
       V3 -ki ni naru                  E come to feel like___ing
       V3 -kirai ga aru                E is hateful,awful
           kirakira                    E shiny
       V2 -kireru                      E run out of
      prt -kiri                        E only
       V2 -kiru                        E be trough,completely
   pn suf -ko                          E lake
     pref -ko                          E little
       Nr -ko                          E piece
     pref -ko                          E small,pretty
           koyakunin                   E pretty official
     pref -ko                          E the late
           ko miki-shi                 E the late mr miki
       Nr -ko                          E women name
           koitsu = kore               E this here
       V2 -komu                        E in,into
       V2 -komu                        E to settle firmly in the state of preceading
     pref -kon                         E this time
           konshuu                     E this week
     pref -koo                         E favorable
     pref -koo                         E good
           koojinfutsuu                E good natured man
           kora wa = kore wa = kore wa E this is
           kore = koitsu               E this here
           kore wa = korya = kora wa   E this is
        N -koro = goro                 E approximate (time)
           korokoro                    E round object rolling
           korya = kore wa = kora wa   E this is
      prt -kososs                      E  1) emphatic
      prt -kososs                      E  2) just because
       V3 -koto                        E  1) causes the verb which precedes it,to be changed into a noun
       V3 -koto                        E  2) exclamation ending
       V3 -koto                        E  3) with verbal Adj of time for a period = aida
       V3 -koto                        E thing in the abstract sence)
       V3 -koto ga aru                 E there are occasions when
       V3 -koto ga atta                E there where occasions when
       V3 -koto ga dekiru              E if is possible to,can do
       V3 -koto ni naru                E  1) it is decided that
       V3 -koto ni naru                E  2) it is arranged that
       V3 -koto ni naru                E  3) it has come about that
       V3 -koto ni natte iru           E this is the practise,it is customary that
       V3 -koto ni shitte iru          E make it at practise to
       V3 -koto ni suru                E decide
       V3 -koto to omou                E i think that
       V3 -koto wa = v3 ni wa v3       E repetition of the same verb) as far as___is concerned
       V3 -koto wa = v3 ni wa v3       E repetition of the same verb) it is allright,but
           kotokoto                    E sound of rapping
           kotsukotsu                  E sound of koocking industrial noise
      adj -ku                          E makes also a few adj into nouns
    i-adj -ku + verb                   E makes an adj into an adverb
   pn suf -ku                          E ward
      adj -ku mo                       E either___and
      adj -ku mo nai                   E neither___nor
      adj -ku mo nashi                 E neither___nor
           kuchakucha                  E messed up,wrinkled up
   pn suf -kun                         E young friends,among themselfs
      adj -kunai                       E negative present form of ku
      adj -kunakatta                   E past negative form of adj
       V3 -kurai -gurai -hodo          E to the extend that,even,su much so that
      prt -kurai                       E  0) gurai is more colloquial
      prt -kurai                       E  1a) to the extent that,almost,so much so  that
      prt -kurai                       E  1b),even,degree (see also hodo)
      prt -kurai                       E  2) as much as,that much
      prt -kurai                       E  3) about,approximate,quality or quantity
       V3 -kurai                       E to the extend that,so much so that
        N -kusai                       E smell of
       V3 -kuse ni                     E allbought allways,followed by a negative idia,or feeling of contempt
      adj -kute                        E  1)  te form of the adj
      adj -kute                        E  1a) conjunction and
      adj -kute                        E  2)  cause because
      adj -kute mo                     E superlative form of adjectives
      adj -kute sumu                   E get by
      adj -kute tamaranai              E it is so___that it is unbearable
       Nr -kyaku                       E chair
      Suf -kyoo                        E a little over
     20 nenkyoo                        E a little over than 20years
      Suf -kyoo                        E faith
   kirisutokyoo                        E christianity
      Suf -kyoo                        E maniac
    shashinkyoo                        E photograph maniac
           kyorokyoro                  E goggle
           kyorokyoro                  E tall and skinny
     pref -kyuu                        E former,ex-
           kyuugunjin                  E exsoldier
     pref -ma                          E mid-
           manatsu                     E midsommer
     pref -ma                          E plain-
     pref -ma                          E right
       Nr -ma                          E room
   pn suf -machi,choo                  E town,district
      prt -made                        E  1) as far as
      prt -made                        E  2) until
      prt -made                        E  3) even
       V3 -made                        E until
       V3 -made mo nai                 E goes whithout___ing
       V3 -made ni                     E by
        N -made ni                     E by (time)
       V3 -mae ni                      E (sequence of action) before,at (00 00h or so)
           magomago                    E confused
       V3 -mai                         E  0) (tentative negative opposite of tentative form)
       V3 -mai                         E  1) negative tentative
       V3 -mai                         E  2) negative will
     pref -mai                         E every
           mainichi                    E every day
       V1 -mai                         E tentative negative only v1+v3 = negative probability
       V1 -mai                         E tentative negative only v1+v3 = negative will
       Nr -mai                         E thin objects like paper,cards
       V3 -mai kara                    E emphasis because he is not
       V3 -mai shi                     E emphasis because he is not
       Nr -maki                        E roll
       V3 -mama ni                     E just as
       V3 -mamo naku                   E without having time to do
     pref -man                         E full
           mangetsu                    E fullmoon
     pref -mane                        E miniature
           maneningyoo                 E miniature doll
       V1 -masen                       E present negative form of the verbs
       V1 -masendeshita                E past negative form of the verbs
       V2 -mashita                     E past positive verbform
           mashita                     E right bellow
           masshoojiki                 E plain honesty
       V2 -masu                        E polite suffix,present tense
     conj -mata                        E and moreover
     conj -matawa                      E or
   pn suf -me                          E expresses abuse
      adj -me                          E expresses the possession of this character
     pref -me                          E female
           megami                      E female god
           meushi                      E cow
      adj -me                          E for degree of adj and quality
      Suf -me                          E ordinal
    hitotsume                          E the first one
     pref -mei                         E non,less
           meijuu                      E heartless
     pref -mei                         E noted
           meimon                      E noted family
       Nr -mei                         E people,more formel than nin
        N -mekasu                      E intentionally shows himself to be of the quality of the preceding N
        N -meku                        E have the appearence of,show signs of
        N -mi                          E flavor,essence taste (geschmack)
       V3 -mitai                       E appears as if
      prt -mo                          E  1) also,too
      prt -mo                          E  2) as many as,as much as,
      prt -mo                          E  3) even (see also sae)
      prt -mo                          E  4) do not even do
      prt -mo                          E  5) both___and
      prt -mo                          E  6) neither___nor
      prt -mo                          E  7) whether___or
      prt -mo                          E  8) even if
      prt -mo                          E  9) (double particle) also doing something too
      prt -mo                          E but,thougt,and yet
     conj -mo                          E further
       V2 -mo    mo suru               E do both this and that
        N -mo aroo ni                  E expected occurience
       V2 -mo shinai                   E don't even do
        N -mo sokosoko ni              E hurriedly
       V2 -mo sureba                   E do both this and that
       V2 -mo sureba                   E not only___but also that
       V2 -mo suru                     E do both this and that
       V2 -mo suru                     E not only___but also that
           mojimoji                    E hesitate
       V3 -mono                        E (literally) thing or person in the concrete sense
       V3 -mono                        E  1) person
       V3 -mono                        E  2) thing
       V3 -mono                        E  3) obligation
       V3 -mono                        E  4) reason
       V3 -mono                        E  5) emphatic
       V2 -mono                        E thing  the verb becomes a noun
       V3 -mono de mo nan de monai     E nothing of that sort
       V3 -mono de wa nai              E should not
       V3 -mono ja nai                 E should not
       V3 -mono mon de ja nai          E should not
       V3 -mono mon de wa nai          E should not
       V3 -mono no                     E altbough
           monyamonya                  E mumble
     conj -mottomo                     E however,of course
        N -muki                        E suitable for
   pn suf -mura                        E village
       V3 -n'                          E short form of no,posessive form
           n'  = no                    E possessive form
    copula n -sa                       E makes a copular noun into an abstract noun
    copula n -so da                    E attributive form(it appears
    copula n -so na                    E attributive form(it appears
       V1 -n                           E tentative speakers conjecture
       V3 -na                          E  1) prohibition
      prt -na                          E  1a) at the end of a sentence) don't (prohibition)
      prt -na                          E  1b) you know,you see,don't you think so
      prt -na                          E  1c) i wonder
      prt -na                          E  1d) (imperatif vulgar speach only)
      prt -na                          E  2)  it is the attributive form of the copula form nari
       V3 -na                          E  2) sentence ending used by men
   copuln -na                          E makes a copular noun into a modified of another noun
        N -na mi                       E ordinary
        N -na mi ijoo                  E more than average
        N -na mi ni                    E as
        N -na mi no                    E common ordinary
        N -na no                       E sentence ending for women,more familliar than (desu no)
        N -na no da                    E it is the fact that it is
        N -na no de                    E because it is
        N -na no n da                  E it is the fact that it is
        N -na no ni                    E altbough it is,in spite of the fact that it is
      prt -naa                         E  1) (exclamation used by men) (womens use is na or ne)
      prt -naa                         E  2) wish
      prt -naa                         E  3) informal salutations (by men)
       V3 -naa                         E exclamation how
           nado                        E such things as,for exemple,and the like,something like
      prt -nagara                      E  1) simultaneous actions of one subject
      prt -nagara                      E  2) while
      prt -nagara                      E  3) altbough,all,before and now
       V2 -nagara                      E simultaneous state or action of the same person
       V2 -nagara                      E while,thought
       V1 -nai                         E informal negative ending
      Suf -nai                         E within
      kikannai                         E within the period
       V1 -nai bakari de wa nai        E not only does 'he' not
       V1 -nai dake de wa nai          E not only does 'he' not
       V1 -nai de                      E instead of,without___ing
       V1 -nai de hoshii               E i do not want you to do
       V1 -nai de kudasai              E please don't
       V1 -nai de moraitai             E i do not want you to do
       V1 -nai de sumu                 E get by without doing something
       V1 -nai hazu wa nai             E there is no reason not to do,it's likely that
       V1 -nai hoo ga ii               E it's better not to do
       V1 -nai kawari ni               E instead of
       V1 -nai koto wa nai             E it is not that i don't
       V1 -nai mae ni                  E before
       V1 -nai nara                    E if not
       V1 -nai shi   nai               E not only 'he' does not he does not either
       V1 -nai to                      E unless ,if not
       V1 -nai to kagiranai            E it is not impossible it may be
       V1 -nai uchi ni                 E before
       V1 -nai wake de wa nai          E it does not mean that i don't
       V1 -nai wake ni ikanai          E cannot very well not do something
       V1 -nai yoo ni                  E in order not to do
          -nakanaka + negativ   V-form E it isn't yet but it will be soon
          -nakanaka + negativ adj-form E it isn't yet but it will be soon
       V1 -nakattara                   E (negative conditional ) if not
       V1 -nakereba                    E (negative conditional ) if not
       V1 -nakereba = nakattara        E (negative conditional ) if not
       V1 -nakereba ikenai             E you must
       V1 -nakereba naranai            E i must
       V1 -nakucha = nakereba          E (negative conditional ) if not
       V1 -nakucha = nakute wa         E the topic ist not
       V1 -nakute                      E because not
       V1 -nakute mo                   E even if you don't
       V1 -nakute mo ii                E you need not,you do not have to
       V1 -nakute wa                   E the topic ist not
       V1 -nakuto mo = nakute mo       E even if you don't
        ? -nan' + counter + ka         E several
        ? -nan' + counter + v -te + mo E no matter how many
        ? -nan' + counter              E how many
        ? -nan' + counter mo + negat v E not many,less than
        ? -nan' + counter mo           E any number,several
        ? -nan'                        E what is that,how is that
        ? -nan' mo                     E (doesn't exist)
     spez -nan de mo arimasen          E it is nothing
     spez -nan de mo kamaimasen        E it doesn't matter what it is
     spez -nan de mo tabemasu          E he eats anything
     spez -nan de mo tabemasu          E he eats everything
           nando = nado                E such things as,for exemple,and the like,something like
           nando = nanka               E what is it
        ? -nani + v -te + mo           E no matter what
        ? -nani                        E how many,what is that
        ? -nani ka                     E something
        ? -nani mo + negative verb     E nothing
        ? -nani mo                     E nothing (with negative verbending)
     spez -nani mo arimasen            E there is nothing
     spez -nani mo kaimasen            E he doesn't care about anything
       V2 -naosu                       E re___(correct something
       V3 -nara                        E conditional,if
        N -nara de wa                  E without,none but
        N -nara tomokaku               E it would be excusable if it where___but
        N -nara tonikaku               E it would be excusable if it where___but
       V3 -nara v3 de                  E emphatic conditional
       V2 -nareru                      E get used to___ing
       V3 -nari                        E  1) as soon as
      prt -nari                        E  1) whether or,either or
      prt -nari                        E  2) as soon as
       V3 -nari                        E  2) just as
      prt -nari                        E  3) conditions unchanged (see also mama de)
      prt -nari                        E  4) no matter what,no matter how
        N -nari ni                     E in the capacity of
       V3 -nari v3 -nari               E either___or
       V2 -nasai                       E imperative
        N -nashi de                    E without
        N -nashi de wa                 E without (followed by a negative
        N -nashi no                    E without
        ? -naze + v -te + mo           E no matter why
        ? -naze                        E why
     spez -naze demo ikitakkatta n desu E no matter what the reason is i wanted to go
     spez -naze demo ikitakunakatta n desu E no matter what the reason i didn't want to go
        ? -naze ka                     E somehow
        ? -naze mo + negative verb     E (doesn't exist)
        ? -naze mo                     E (doesn't exist)
      prt -ne                          E  1) like (it is,isn't it) (also in the negative form)
      prt -ne                          E  2) shows speakers familiarity to listeners
       V3 -ne                          E final particle,implies that the speaker want the hearer to agree
       V1 -nebanaranai=nakerebanaranai E i must
      Suf -netsu                       E fever
         binetsu                       E little tuch of fever
       V2 -ni + verb of motion         E indicate a purpose,going toward__
      prt -ni                          E  1) in,at,location of existance,and location of action
      prt -ni                          E  2) point of arrival
      prt -ni                          E  3) designates time
      prt -ni                          E  4) going to
      prt -ni                          E  4) per by (car
      prt -ni                          E  5) in,into (entering motion)
      prt -ni                          E  6) into (change of situation,status
      prt -ni                          E  7) against
      prt -ni                          E  8) to (indirect object
      prt -ni                          E  9) as (purpose) (see also to shite)
      prt -ni                          E 10) and (connecting two nouns)
      prt -ni                          E 11) by  (force someone to do something
      prt -ni                          E 12) from (someone else had it done for you)
      prt -ni                          E 13) allow someone to do something
      prt -ni                          E 14) in order to
      prt -ni                          E 15) makes an honorific verb
      prt -ni                          E 16) (emphasis) duplication of the same verb
      prt -ni                          E 17) (duplication of the same verb but negative)
      prt -ni                          E 17) we cannot do,even if we want to do
   copuln -ni                          E makes a copular noun into an adverb
      Suf -ni                          E resemble
        oyani                          E resemble parents
   na-adj -ni + verb                   E  makes an adj into an adverb
       V3 -ni atari                    E at the time when
      prt -ni ataru                    E  1) become
      prt -ni ataru                    E  2) be
       V3 -ni atatte                   E at the time when
      prt -ni au                       E meet
        N -ni chigainai                E there is no doubt of
       V3 -ni chiganai                 E there is no doubt that,it is certain that
        N -ni datte                    E even to,even at
        N -ni demo = ni datte          E even to,even at
      prt -ni hansuru                  E be against,oppose
      prt -ni hantai suru              E be against,oppose
        N -ni hirei shite              E in proportion to
      prt -ni hitoshii                 E be egual to
        N -ni hoka naranai             E no other than,nothing but
        N -ni itaru made               E until
        N -ni itatte wa                E reaching
        N -ni iwasereba                E according to
       V3 -ni kagiru                   E is limitted to,is the best
      prt -ni kagiru                   E is the best (literally limited)
        N -ni kagitte                  E particularly,one out of all the things
      prt -ni kakaru                   E start
       V2 -ni kakaru                   E starting___with some effort
      prt -ni kakeru                   E hang
        N -ni kakete                   E extending over
        N -ni kakete wa                E as far as___is concerned
        N -ni kansezu                  E regardless
        N -ni kanshite                 E concerning
      prt -ni kansuru                  E concerning attributive
        N -ni kansuru kagiri           E as far as___is concerned
      prt -ni kara                     E be close to
      prt -ni katsu                    E win
        N -ni kawatte                  E in place of
        N -ni ki ga tsuku              E notice that
        N -ni ki o tsukeru             E pay attention to
      prt -ni kiku                     E ask someone
      prt -ni kimeru                   E decide on
        N -ni koshita koto wa nai      E nothing can be better than
       V3 -ni koshita koto wa nai      E nothing can be better than
      prt -ni kuru shimu               E be puzzled at
      prt -ni makaseru                 E entrust
      prt -ni makeru                   E lose
        N -ni menjite                  E in consideration for
        N -ni mieru                    E it looks as if it where
      prt -ni miru                     E resemble
        N -ni mo hodo ga aru           E goes beyond the limit
        N -ni mo kakawarazu            E in spite of
       V3 -ni mo kakawarazu            E in spite of the fact that
      prt -ni naru                     E  1) become
      prt -ni naru                     E  2) be
        N -ni no zonde                 E in the presence of,in the time of
      prt -ni noru                     E get into a vehicle,ride in a vehicle
      prt -ni odoroku                  E be surprised at
        N -ni ojite                    E in response to
        N -ni okeru                    E in
      prt -ni onaji                    E the same as
       V3 -ni oyobi                    E at the time when
        N -ni oyobi                    E reaching
      prt -ni oyobu                    E reach,amount to,match
       V3 -ni oyonde                   E at the time when
        N -ni saishite                 E where,at the time of
        N -ni sego                     E whether or
        N -ni shicha                   E colloquial for (ni shite wa)
        N -ni shigainai                E it must be
      prt -ni shika                    E be close to
       V3 -ni shiku wa nai             E nothing like,nothing as good as
       V3 -ni shinobinai               E cannot allow onesself to
       V3 -ni shinobinai               E do not have the heart to
       V3 -ni shiro                    E even if
        N -ni shiro                    E whether or
       V3 -ni shiro v -nai ni shiro    E whether or
        N -ni shita gatte              E following
        N -ni shita tokoro de          E even
       V3 -ni shita tokoro de          E even if
       V3 -ni shitagatte               E an imprtation to
        N -ni shite mo                 E even
       V3 -ni shite mo                 E even if
        N -ni shite wa                 E for
        N -ni soo inai                 E there is no doubt of
        N -ni sooi nai                 E it must be
        N -ni sotte                    E along
        N -ni suginai                  E nothing but,no more than
       V3 -ni suginai                  E nothing but,no more than
        N -ni taishite                 E  1) concerning
        N -ni taishite                 E  2) as opposed to
        N -ni tomaru                   E in keeping with
        N -ni tomokatte                E in keeping with
      prt -ni tomonau                  E keep step with
        N -ni totte                    E from the standpoint of,for
        N -ni tsuite                   E concerning
        N -ni tsuite                   E concerning
       V3 -ni tsuite                   E concerning
      prt -ni tsukaeru                 E serve someone
       V3 -ni tsurete                  E in accordance with,in proportion
        N -ni tsurete                  E in accordance with,in proportion to
      prt -ni tsuzuku                  E fellow,be connected to
        N -ni wa                       E for
       V3 -ni wa                       E in order to
       V3 -ni wa oyobanai              E unnecessary to do
       V3 -ni wa v3 -                  E repetition of the same verb) as far as,is concerned
        N -ni yoreba                   E according to
        N -ni yori                     E from
      prt -ni yoru                     E depend on
        N -ni yoru to                  E according to
       V3 -ni yotte                    E depending on whether
           nichanicha                  E soft and sticky,slimy
     pref -nii                         E new
           niizuma                     E new wife
           nikoniko                    E smile
       V2 -nikui                       E difficult to do
       Nr -nin                         E people
           niyaniya                    E grin
       V3 -no                          E  0)  nominalizes the preceding verb
      prt -no                          E  1)  of,'s (possessive form of subjects,objects,verbs adj,etc
       V3 -no                          E  1)  one who
       V3 -no                          E  2)  is a fact that
      prt -no                          E  2)  opposition
      prt -no                          E  3)  the particle is interchangeable with (ga and wa)
       V3 -no                          E  3)  time when
       V3 -no                          E  4)  sentence ending particle
      prt -no                          E  5)  it becomes a noun,a fact,a thing,a time,a person,one
       V3 -no                          E  5)  sentence ending colloquial substitude for  ka
       V3 -no                          E  6)  sentence ending womens speach
      prt -no                          E  6a) sentence colloquial, used more by men than by women
      prt -no                          E  6b) interrogative,takes the place of (ka?)
      prt -no                          E  6c) softens the tone
      prt -no                          E  7)  whether___or
      prt -no                          E  8)  (with v3 -no or   v3 -koto  normalizes the verb
        N -no amari ni                 E because of the intensity of
       V3 -no de                       E  1) literally) fact being that
       V3 -no de                       E  2) emphasis (on the reason
       V3 -no de                       E since because
       V3 -no de ii                    E it is all right with the one that
       V3 -no de mo nan de mo nai      E not doing anything with that sort
       V3 -no de wa nai                E it is not the fact that
       V3 -no de wa nai daroo ka       E i wonder if___not
       V3 -no de wa nakute             E it is not the fact___but
        N -no hazu da                  E is supposed to,is expected to
        N -no hoo                      E comparision
        N -no iu                       E so called
        N -no kawari ni                E instead of,replacing something
        N -no kirai ga aru             E have a tendency to be
        N -no koto                     E about
        N -no koto dakara              E knowing how one is
        N -no koto to ieba             E speaking of
        N -no naka de N wa ichiban adj E N wa is the superlative adj of; among all
       V3 -no ni                       E  1) in order to
       V3 -no ni                       E  2) in process of doing
       V3 -no ni                       E  3) sentence ending expresses regret or impatience
       V3 -no ni taishite              E as opposed to,in contrast to
        N -no sei de                   E because of
        N -no sei ka                   E perhaps because of
        N -no tame ni                  E  1) because of
        N -no tame ni                  E  2) for the sake of
        N -no toori                    E according to
        N -no tsuide ni                E while doing
        N -no ue de                    E in,on,upon doing
        N -no ue ni                    E in addition to
       V3 -no wa betsu to shite        E  1) to say nothing of
       V3 -no wa betsu to shite        E  2) setting aside
       V3 -no wa tomokaku (to shite)   E  1) to say nothing of
       V3 -no wa tonikaku (to shite)   E  2) setting aside
        N -no yoo da                   E appears
        N -no yoo na                   E attributive of
        N -no yoo ni                   E adverbial of
      prt -nomi                        E only,merely (see also dake,bakari)
        N -nomi de wa naku    mo       E not only___but also
       V3 -nomi narazu                 E not only but
        N -nomi narazu                 E not only___but also
       V1 -nu                          E negative suffix like arimasen
          -nya = ni wa                 E for,in order to
       V2 -o -da                       E (colloquial honorific = o
      prt -o                           E  1) (noun+o+verb that i do
      prt -o                           E  2) route of motion
      prt -o                           E  3) point of departure
       V2 -o asobasu                   E high form of honorific
      prt -o deru                      E start,leave
      prt -o gaman suru                E bear,suppress
        N -o hajime to shite           E beginning with
       V2 -o itasu                     E (humble form)
      prt -o kiku                      E hear something
       V2 -o kudasai                   E polite imperative
       V2 -o kudasaimase               E more polite than o kudasai
      prt -o matsu                     E wait for
        N -o moto ni shite             E based on
        N -o motte                     E with
        N -o negatte yamanai           E desire cinserely,i do not stop hoping
       V2 -o ni naru                   E honorific form
      prt -o sotsugyoo suru            E graduate from
      prt -o shi ni V3                 E 9motion verbs iku kuru etc) the fact or the reason of the motion
      prt -o suru                      E (change nouns with o suru into verbs)
      prt -o tasukeru                  E help someone
      prt -o tatsu                     E leave start
        N -o tooshite                  E trough
      prt -o warau                     E laugh at
      prt -o watarau                   E cross over
        N -oki ni                      E at intervals of
     pref -oni                         E tough
           onikenji                    E relentless prosecutor
       V6 -oo ga to                    E it does not matter if something happens
       V3 -osore ga aru                E there is the risk that,be in danger to
       V2 -owaru                       E finishing
           pachipachi                  E sound of applause  sound of fire crackling
       Nr -pai,hai                     E a cup of
           pasapasa                    E dry
           pekopeko                    E hungry stomach
           perapera                    E fluent in lunguage
           pikapika                    E shiny
           pinpin                      E very healthy
           pokapoka                    E very warm
       Nr -pon,hon,bon                 E long round object
           poripori                    E crunch crunch
           poroporo                    E sheddling copious tears  crumble
           potsupotsu                  E fall in big drops  little by little
        N -ppoi                        E changing a trait of character
           puripuri                    E being mad
      Suf -ra                          E plural
     kodomora                          E the children
     pref -rai                         E next
           rainen                      E next year
      Suf -rai                         E since
    sakunenrai                         E since last year
       V1 -rareru                      E honorific reason
       V1 -rareru                      E potential
       V1 -rareru                      E signe of passive
       V3 -rashii                      E it seems that,gives every appearence
        N -rashii                      E like,has all the character of
       V1 -reru                        E honorific reason
       V1 -reru                        E i can do something
       V1 -reru                        E signe of passive
       Nr -retsu                       E row
   pn suf -rettoo                      E chain of islands
       Nr -rin                         E flower
       Nr -ryo                         E carriage
      Suf -ryuu                        E style
    furansuryuu                        E frenchstyle
       V3 -sa                          E (sentence ending particle) indeed you know!
      prt -sa                          E  0) (at the end of a sentence,it has many reasons like)
      prt -sa                          E  1) which i told you about
      prt -sa                          E  2) naturelly
      prt -sa                          E  3) of course
      prt -sa                          E  4) you should see it yourself
      adj -sa                          E makes an adjectiv into an abstract noun
      prt -sae                         E even,only if
       V2 -sae sureba                  E (emphatic) if only
       Nr -sai                         E age
     pref -sai                         E re-
           saiken                      E reconstruction
     pref -sai                         E the most
           saidai                      E the biggest
       V3 -sai                         E when
       V3 -saichuu ni                  E in the middst of
   pn suf -sama                        E more polite than san mister,mniss
   pn suf -san,zan,yama                E mountain
   pn suf -san                         E mister miss
       Nr -sao                         E chest of drawers
     conj -sarani                      E further
           sarasara                    E sound of clearstream
           sarasara                    E sound rustling feel of dry and smouth touch
       V1 -sareru                      E (causative passive) is caused,be forced to
       V1 -sareru                      E high form of honorific
       V1 -sasareru                    E (causative passive) is caused,is forced
       V1 -sasareru                    E high form of honorific
       V1 -saserareru                  E (causative passive) is caused,is forced
       V1 -saserareru                  E high form of honorific
       V1 -saseru                      E (causative) makes one do something
       V1 -sasete ageru                E allow someone to do something
       V1 -sasete itadaku              E be permitted to do something
       V1 -sasete kudasaru             E allow me to do something
       V1 -sasete kureru               E allow me to do something
       V1 -sasete morau                E be permitted to do something
       V1 -sasete yaru                 E allow someone to do something
       V1 -sashite ageru               E allow someone to do something
       V1 -sashite itadaku             E be permitted to do something
       V1 -sashite kudasaru            E allow me to do something
       V1 -sashite kureru              E allow me to do something
       V1 -sashite morau               E be permitted to do something
       V1 -sashite yaru                E allow someone to do something
       V1 -sasu                        E (causative) makes one do something
     conj -sate                        E well
       Nr -satsu                       E books
      Suf -sei                         E -ness,quality
      Suf -sei                         E manufactured
      nihonsei                         E manufactured in japan
   sekkyokusei                         E positivness
     pref -sei                         E regular
           seikaiin                    E regular member
       V3 -sei da                      E it is because
       V3 -sei ka                      E perhaps because
           sekaseka                    E restless
     pref -sen                         E last
           sengetsu                    E last month
      Suf -sen                         E selections
    bungakusen                         E modern japanese selections
      Suf -sen                         E transit line
   yamamotosen                         E yamamoto line
       V1 -serareru                    E (causative passive) is caused,be forced to
       V1 -serareru                    E high form of honorific
       V1 -seru                        E (causataive) i make someone doing something
       V1 -sete ageru                  E i allow someone to do something
       V1 -sete itadaku                E be permitted to do something
       V1 -sete kudadasu               E allow me to do something
       V1 -sete kureru                 E allow me to do something
       V1 -sete morau                  E be permitted to do something
       V1 -sete yaru                   E i allow someone to do something
      prt -shi                         E and not only___but also
      prt -shi                         E as well as   (connects two nouns
   pn suf -shi                         E city
   pn suf -shi                         E honorific name suffix (only in letters
       V3 -shi                         E not only,but also,and
        N -shidai                      E  1) depending on
        N -shidai                      E  2) as soon as
       V2 -shidai                      E as soon as
      prt -shika                       E only,nothing but (see also dake,dake shika)
     conj -shikaruni                   E however
     conj -shikashi                    E but
     conj -shikashinagara              E but however
      Suf -shiki                       E model
    saishinshiki                       E the newest modell
           shikushiku                  E cry sorrowfully
   pn suf -shima,jima                  E isle,island
           shimijimi                   E keenly,deeply
           shinshin                    E quiet and cold
     pref -shita                       E lower
           shitabaki                   E fontwear
     pref -shita                       E rough
           shitagaki                   E rough copy
     pref -shita                       E sub-
           shitauke                    E sub contract
     pref -shita                       E under
           shitatetsu                  E undergroundtrain
     conj -shitagatte                  E therefor
       V1 -shite ageru                 E i allow someone to do something
       V1 -shite itadaku               E be permitted to do something
       V1 -shite kudasaru              E allow me to do something
       V1 -shite kureru                E allow me to do something
       V1 -shite morau                 E be permitted to do something
       V1 -shite yaru                  E i allow someone to do something
     conj -shitemiruto                 E then
           shitoshito                  E raining quietly
       Nr -sho                         E chapter
       yakusho                         E gouvernment office
     pref -sho                         E many
           shokoku                     E several countries
      Suf -sho                         E place
     pref -shoo                        E genuine
           shookin                     E hard cash
      Suf -shu                         E person
      untenshu                         E driver
       Nr -shu                         E poem
   pn suf -shuu                        E continent
   pn suf -shuu                        E usa state
       V2 -sobireru                    E fail to
       V2 -sobireru                    E loose a chance to
           soitsu = sore wa            E that is
     conj -sokode                      E accordingly
     conj -sokode                      E thereupon
       V2 -sokonau                     E fail to
       Nr -soku                        E footwear
     conj -somosomo                    E in the first place
     conj -sonoue                      E more over
       Nr -soo                         E boat
     pref -soo                         E entire
      adj -soo                         E seeming conditions of others
      adj -soo da                      E for attributive form) it appears
       V3 -soo da                      E i understand that
       V2 -soo da                      E it looks as if it will
       V2 -soo da                      E it seems imminent
     conj -soo ka to itte              E even so it is said
      adj -soo na                      E for attributive form) it appears
       V2 -soo na                      E it looks as if it will
       V2 -soo na                      E it seems imminent
     conj -soo sureba                  E if so then
           sooin                       E the whole membership
     conj -sooshitara                  E and then
     conj -sooshite                    E and
     conj -soosuruto                   E then,if so
     pref -sora                        E feigned
           soramimi                    E deafness
     conj -sore dewa                   E well then
     conj -sore kara                   E and then
     conj -sore mo                     E and that
     conj -sore nara                   E if so,then
           sore wa                     E that is
     conj -soredakara                  E therefor,accordingly
     conj -sorede                      E therefor,accordingly
     conj -soredemo                    E but even that
     conj -soredokoro ka               E far from it
     conj -soreni                      E besides
     conj -soretomo                    E or
     conj -sorewasooto                 E by the way
     conj -soreyueni                   E so
           sorya = sureba              E not only___but also that,do both this and that
      Suf -sugi                        E past
       gojisugi                        E past 5 oclock
   copuln -sugi mo                     E neihter___nor
      adj -sugi mo shinai              E neither___nor
      adj -sugimo sezu                 E neither___nor
       V2 -sugiru                      E over-
      adj -sugiru                      E too
   copuln -sugiru                      E too
       V3 -sugiru kirai ga aru         E less awful
      adj -sugiru kirai ga aru         E there is a tendency to be too
   copuln -sugiru kirai ga aru         E there is a tendency to be too
       V2 -sugiru kirai ga aru         E there is a tendency to over___
           supasupa                    E smoke  puff
      prt -sura                        E even (emphatic) see also sae
           sureba                      E not only___but also that,do both this and that
           sutasuta                    E briskly
     pref -suu                         E several
           suujitsu                    E several days
           suyasuya                    E sleeping peacefully
       V2 -ta                          E informal perfective ending
     pref -ta                          E many
           tahoomen                    E many sides
     pref -ta                          E strange
           tanin                       E stranger
       V2 -ta ato de                   E after___ing
       V2 -ta baai                     E (conditionel) if in case
       V2 -ta bakari                   E has just___, made for the first time
       V2 -ta bakari desu kara         E because__just had___it is still__
       V2 -ta bakari ni                E sjust because
       V2 -ta ga saigo                 E once you do
       V2 -ta kara                     E because,since doing the verb
       V2 -ta kiri                     E just did___and___(implies finality
       V2 -ta koto ga aru              E experience up to the present
       V2 -ta koto ga atte             E past experience
       V2 -ta koto ni suru             E assume
       V2 -ta mono                     E as it is
       V2 -ta mono da                  E habitual occurence in the past
       V2 -ta oboe ga aru              E remember that
       V2 -ta tameshi ga nai           E have never
       V2 -ta tokoro da                E have just
       V2 -ta tokoro de                E even thougt
       V2 -ta tokoro ga                E when (the following clause express something contrary to normal expectation
       V2 -ta tsumori da               E i am under the impression that
       V2 -ta ue de                    E after___ing,upon___ing
       V3 -tabi ni                     E each time
      Suf -tachi                       E plural
       bokutachi                       E we (for men)
     conj -tada                        E only,but
     conj -tadaishi                    E but
       V2 -tadooshi + te iru           E progressive form,continuative action,doing something
       V2 -tadooshi                    E describe an action which has occured and is still in force
       V2 -tagaru                      E wish of someone else other than the speaker want to
     pref -tai                         E against
     pref -tai                         E big
       V2 -tai                         E desiderative - i will,i want to
       V2 -tai                         E present positive verbform, i will,i want to do
     pref -tai                         E prominent
           taishi                      E ambassador
     pref -tai                         E toward,against
           taibei seisaku              E policy towards america
           taibei seisaku              E policy against america
      Suf -tai                         E zone
        nettai                         E torrid zone,tropical zone
     pref -takaku                      E many sides
           takaku                      E multiple
       V2 -takatta                     E past positive verbform, i would
       V1 -takunai                     E i will not
       V1 -takunakatta                 E i would not
       V2 -takute                      E te-form of tai
       V2 -takute tamaranai            E is so___that it is unbearable
       V2 -tamae                       E an imperative suffix used by men on a friendly level in modern jap
       V3 -tame ni                     E  1) purpose,in order to
       V3 -tame ni                     E  2) reason,because
      Suf -tan                         E end
     sainantan                         E end furthest south
       Nr -tan                         E land 245 acres
       Nr -tan                         E roll of kimono material
     pref -tan                         E single
           tandoku                     E singleness separatness
       V2 -tara                        E (conditionel) if in case
       V2 -tara                        E colloquial conditional if when
     ? V2 -tara ii ka wakaranai        E don't know what to do
       V2 -tara saigo                  E once you do
      prt -tari                        E  1) sometimes doing this___sometimes doing that___
      prt -tari                        E  2) doing such things as
       V2 -tari                        E  2) one with,or more actions in alternative means
       V2 -tari                        E now doing this___and that,do such things as
        N -taru                        E will be
        N -taru koto                   E become (see te aru koto
        N -taru ni mo kakawarazu       E in spite of the fact that it is
        N -taru ni suginai             E be no more than
           tatte = te mo               E even if
      prt -te                          E  1) is the te-form of the verbs
      prt -te                          E  2) something one is usual to do,or doing at the moment and not finishing to do
       V2 -te                          E because,the cause of the main verb
       V2 -te                          E conjunction for sequences of action and
       V2 -te                          E conjunction for simultaneous action,while
       V2 -te                          E how the action of the main verb is performed
       V2 -te                          E sentence ending mild colloquial womens speach
        N -te                          E which was said
       V2 -te ageru                    E do a favor in doing something
       V2 -te aru                      E describe an action which has occured and is still in force
       V2 -te bakari iru               E always
       V2 -te hoshii                   E want someone to do something
     ? V2 -te ii no ka wakaranai       E don't know how
       V2 -te iku                      E  1a) verb of learning or performing a skill +
       V2 -te iku                      E  1b) te iku refers to the performance of an
       V2 -te iku                      E  1c) action from the present or some
       V2 -te iku                      E  1d) future point in time onwards
       V2 -te iku                      E direction of the action (away from the location of the speaker
       V2 -te iku                      E opposite of te kuru
       V2 -te irai                     E since
       V2 -te iru                      E progressive form,continuative action,doing something
       V2 -te itadaku                  E to be fortunate to receive someone's favor
       V2 -te kara                     E after___ing
       V2 -te koso                     E only when
       V2 -te kudasai                  E mild imperative
       V2 -te kudasaru                 E be kind to do something
       V2 -te kure                     E abrupt imperative,used by men
       V2 -te kureru                   E be kind to do something
       V2 -te kuru                     E  1a) refers to the performance of an action but not beyond
       V2 -te kuru                     E  1b) beginning at any point in the past and continuing as far as the present
       V2 -te kuru                     E some verb and te kuru = beginning to
       V2 -te kuru                     E verb of learning or performing a skill + te kuru
       V2 -te kuru                     E verb of motion + te kuru = direction of the action when it is towards the speaker
       V2 -te made                     E even going to the extend of
       V2 -te mieru                    E appears as if
       V2 -te miru                     E to do something and see what happens
       V2 -te miru                     E try doing something
       V2 -te mo                       E even if
     ? V2 -te mo                       E no matter what or how
       V2 -te mo ii                    E you may,it is allowed
       V2 -te mo kamawanai             E it dosn't matter if you do
       V2 -te mo v1 -nakute mo         E weather or
       V2 -te moraitai                 E want someone to do something
       V2 -te morau                    E be fortunate to receive someones favor
       V2 -te naranai                  E couldn't help___ing
       V2 -te nokeru                   E mannage to do
       V2 -te oku                      E do something for future
       V2 -te oku                      E leave it or let it go at that
       V2 -te oraitai                  E want someone to do something
       V2 -te ori                      E conjunctive,is doing this and that
       V2 -te sae v- ba                E only if
       V2 -te shimau                   E completiton or finality of an action
       V2 -te shiyoo ga nai            E couldn't help___ing
       V2 -te wa                       E conditional of the pattern,if a then negative verb
       V2 -te wa ikanai                E probability it cannot go if you do something therefore,you may not___
       V2 -te wa irarenai              E be unable to bear
       V2 -te wa komaru                E we will be in difficult if you do
       V2 -te wa naranai               E prohibition) you must not
       V2 -te yaru                     E do a favor in doing something
           te yashinai = te wa inai    E probability it cannot go if you do something therefore,you may not___
           tekateka                    E bright shiny
        N -teki                        E -ic or -cal (like historic or historical
       Nr -teki                        E drop of liquid
       Nr -ten                         E points
       V3 -to                          E  1) (conditional) if,when
      prt -to                          E  1) and
      prt -to                          E  2) together with
       V3 -to                          E  2) whenever,(if an certain condition occures or something happens
      prt -to                          E  3) comparative with
       V3 -to                          E  3) time sequence
       V3 -to                          E  4) (sign of closing quotation
      prt -to                          E  4) quantitive
      prt -to                          E  5) if,when,(conditional form)
      prt -to                          E  6) is about to do something
      prt -to                          E  7) trying to do something (unsuccessfully
      prt -to                          E  8) whether___or,even if
      prt -to                          E  9) in the manner of (adverbial)
   pn suf -to                          E metropolis
        N -to bakari omou              E always think that
        N -to chigatte                 E unlike,different from
      prt -to chigau                   E be different from
      prt -to hitoshii                 E be egual to
        N -to ieba                     E speaking of
       V3 -to ieba ieru                E if you want,you can say
     conj -to itte                     E and yet,but even
       V3 -to iu                       E  1) say that
       V3 -to iu                       E  2) which (or who) is called
       V3 -to iu                       E  3) defined as
       V5 -to iu                       E indirecte command to tell someone to do something
        N -to iu                       E so called
        N -to iu                       E which is called,who is called,refered to as
       V3 -to iu dake no koto          E it is only because
       V3 -to iu hanashi da            E i hear that,i understand that
       V3 -to iu hanashi koto da       E i hear that,i understand that
        N -to iu hodo no               E what you can,all
       V3 -to iu koto da               E i hear that,i understand that
       V3 -to iu koto dake de wa       E it is only because
        N -to iu no ni                 E in spite of the fact that
        N -to iu no wa                 E one which is called
        N -to iu yoo na                E such things as
       V3 -to iu yoo ni                E in such a manner that
       V3 -to iwanbakari               E as if to say
       V3 -to ka                       E  0) is allowed by verbs such as (iu,kiku)
       V3 -to ka                       E  1) something to the effect
       V3 -to ka                       E  2) someone is not decided o doing
        N -to ka iu                    E something like,something to the effect
       V3 -to kagiranai                E it does not necessary mean that
       V3 -to kiku                     E i hear that
        N -to mieru                    E it looks as if
       V3 -to mieru                    E it looks as if,it looks like
       V3 -to mo                       E  1) conjunction) even if
       V3 -to mo                       E  2) sentence ending phrase) of course
       V3 -to mo naku                  E it does not mean to do something with
       V3 -to mo nashi ni              E it does not mean to do something with
      prt -to naru                     E become (see also ni naru)
        N -to natte                    E as
       V3 -to ni shite mo              E even if
       V3 -to no koto da               E i hear that,i understand that,i am told that
       V3 -to omou                     E i think that
      prt -to onaji                    E the same as
        N -to shita tokoro de          E even
       V3 -to shitara                  E (hipothesis) if
       V3 -to shite                    E granted that,deciding to
        N -to shite                    E in the capacity of
        N -to shite mo                 E as
        N -to shite mo                 E even
       V3 -to shite mo                 E even if
       V3 -to shite tokoro de          E even if
        N -to shite wa                 E for
        N -to shite wa                 E for
       V3 -to sureba                   E (hipothesis) if
       V3 -to suru to                  E (hipothesis) if
        N -to tomo ni                  E with
        N -to wa                       E shows surprise,following the topic
       V3 -to wa ie                    E even if
     conj -to wa ie                    E however
       V3 -to wa itte mo               E even if
        N -to wa kagiranai             E is not necessarily
       V3 -to wa kagiranai             E it does not necessary mean that
       V3 -to wa nashi ni              E it does not mean to do something with
           tobotobo                    E trudgingly
      prt -toka                        E and,or,such as
       V3 -toki                        E (sequence of action) when,at that time
       V3 -toki ni                     E (sequence of action) before,at (00 00h or so)
     pref -toko                        E every (times)
           tokonatsu                   E eternal summer
       V3 -tokoro da                   E  1) location ) the place where
       V3 -tokoro da                   E  2) point of time) time,the time when
       V3 -tokoro da                   E  3) situation) in the situation when
       V3 -tokoro da                   E  4) extent) so far as
       V3 -tokoro da                   E  5) thing
     conj -tokoro de                   E by the way,it happens
     conj -tokoro ga                   E but
       V3 -tokoro no                   E relative pronoun
      prt -tomo                        E  1) either___or,between
      prt -tomo                        E  2) of cours
      prt -tomo                        E  3) at Adj superlative
      prt -tomo                        E  4) of his status
      prt -tomo                        E  5) uncertain number
      prt -tomo                        E  6) all
    watashitomo                        E we
      prt -tomo                        E  7) no matter (emphatic)
      prt -tomo                        E  8) even thought not
           tonton                      E sound of coocking, move quickly
      Suf -too                         E etc
    beikokutoo                         E usa etc
   pn suf -too                         E island
     pref -too                         E the said
           toonin                      E the said person
   pn suf -toori,doori                 E avenue,street
       V3 -tori = nari                 E just as
       V3 -totan ni                    E no sooner than
        N -totemo                      E even
     conj -totte                       E therefor
           tottemo = totemo            E everything
       Nr -tsui                        E a pair
       V3 -tsuide ni                   E while doing___will also do
     conj -tsuite wa                   E in this connection
      Suf -tsuki                       E with,attached
       kagutsuki                       E furnished rooms
       V2 -tsukusu                     E finish up
       V3 -tsumori da                  E shows intention to do
       V2 -tsutsu                      E while,thought
       Nr -tsuu                        E letter
       V2 -tsuzukeru                   E continue___ing
      Suf -tsuzuki                     E row,lines
       yanetsuzuki                     E rows of roofs
       V3 -u                           E dictionary form of the verbs
       V3 -uchi ni                     E while,while A is in progress B will occure
      Suf -ue                          E superior
     chichiue                          E venerable father
       V2 -uru                         E be possible to
     pref -usu                         E light,thin
      Suf -usu                         E luck of
    temochiusu                         E lucky hand
     pref -usu                         E thin,light
           usugi                       E thin clothes
           usushairo                   E light bronze
     pref -uwa                         E outward
     pref -uwa                         E upper
           uwagi                       E upper garment
     pref -uwa                         E uppward
           uwake                       E outward appearrience
       V3 -uwa ni                      E  1) in addition to
       V3 -uwa ni                      E  2) when
       V4 -v -tara ii no ka            E how (what etc) to do
      prt -wa                          E  0) in hiragana or katakana it is written with the sillabe ha
      prt -wa                          E  1) the word who precedes wa is the subject of a sentence
      prt -wa                          E  2) a contracting element
      prt -wa                          E  3) as far as___is concerned
      prt -wa                          E  4) emphasis
       Nr -wa                          E birds
       Nr -wa                          E bunck,bundle
      prt -wa                          E sentence ending is written with wa in colloquial womens speach
        N -wa mochiron no koto         E not only but also
        N -wa N ni naru                E the first N will be an new N
       PN -wa N o N ni suru            E the PN is making from the first N an other N
        N -wa oroka na koto            E to say nothing of,much less than
       V2 -wa shimai                   E negative tentative
       V2 -wa shinai                   E emphatic negative
        N -wa tomokaku                 E setting aside,out to mention,to say nothing of
        N -wa tonikaku                 E setting aside,out to mention,to say nothing of
       V3 -wake da                     E  1) it means that
       V3 -wake da                     E  2) reason why
       V3 -wake de wa nai              E it does not mean that
       V3 -wake ni wa ikanai           E it cannot very well do something,this wont pass
           wakuwaku                    E be excited
   pn suf -wan                         E bay
       Nr -wari                        E prozent %
       ichiwari                        E 10 per/cent prozent %
       V3 -wari ni                     E in proportion to,considering
      prt -ya                          E  1) such things as___and so forth
      prt -ya                          E  2) as soon as
      prt -ya                          E  3) at a sentence end used by men is the same than women use (ne)
       V3 -ya                          E as soon as
      Suf -ya                          E shop,dealer
        honya                          E bookshop
           yaayaa                      E self composed
      adj -yagu                        E become
           yahari = yappari = yappashii E certainly surely
   pn suf -yama,san,zan                E mountain
      Suf -yami                        E patient
    haibyooyami                        E tuberculosis patient
           yappari = yahari = yappashii E certainly surely
           yappashii = yahari = yappari E certainly surely
      prt -yara                        E  1) sign of uncertainty
      prt -yara                        E  2) conjunction see also ya
       V3 -yara                        E express uncertainty
       V3 -yara   yara                 E what with
       V2 -yasui                       E is easy to do
      prt -yo                          E at a sentence end can only be translated by the whole sentence
           yochiyochi                  E totteringly
      Suf -yoke                        E protection
       kazeyoke                        E protection against the wind
       V6 -yoo                         E  1) probability
       V6 -yoo                         E  2) ones will
       V3 -yoo                         E appears as if
   pn suf -yoo                         E ocean
       V2 -yoo                         E way of___ing
     pref -yoo                         E western
           yoofuku                     E western dress
       V3 -yoo da                      E it looks like,it looks as if
       V3 -yoo da                      E it seems that,gives every appearence
       V6 -yoo ga to                   E 1)  no matter how
       V6 -yoo ga to                   E 2)  no matter what
       V6 -yoo ga to                   E 3)  it does noit matter if something happens
       V6 -yoo ga v1 -nai ga           E whether or not
       V6 -yoo ga__yoo                 E even if___or
       V3 -yoo ni                      E  1) just as
       V3 -yoo ni                      E  2) in order that
       V3 -yoo ni                      E  3) something like
       V3 -yoo ni                      E  4) wish to others
       V3 -yoo ni iu                   E indirecte command
       V6 -yoo ni mo                   E even if you want to
       V3 -yoo ni naru                 E comes out,so that the statement becomes true
       V3 -yoo ni suru                 E makes it,so the the statement becomes true
       V6 -yoo to omou                 E i am thinking of doing
       V6 -yoo to suru                 E  1) is about to do something but not accomplishing it
       V6 -yoo to suru                 E  2) trying unsuccessfully to do
       V3 -yoo wa                      E it looks like,it looks as if
      prt -yori                        E  1) than
      prt -yori                        E  2) from
      prt -yori                        E  3) more
      Suf -yori                        E close by
   yamamoteyori                        E near the bluff
       V3 -yori                        E than
       V3 -yori hoka nai               E there is nothing else to do
        N -yori hoka ni nai            E is the only one,there isn't any other
       V3 -yori hoka ni te ga nai      E there is nothing else to do
       V3 -yori hoka ni wa nai         E there is nothing else to do
       V3 -yori hoka te ga nai         E there is nothing else to do
       V3 -yori hoka wa nai            E less than
        N -yori mo                     E than comparision
       V3 -yori ni wa nai              E there is nothing else to do
       V3 -yori shika ga nai           E there is nothing else to do
       V3 -yori shikata ga nai         E there is nothing else to do
           yoroyoro                    E staggeringly
       V3 -yoshida                     E i am told that
     conj -yueni                       E so,therefor
      Suf -yuki                        E bound for
    amerikayuki                        E bound for america
           zaazaa                      E sound of pouring rain
     pref -zai                         E situated in
           zaibei                      E japanese ambassy in the usa
           zakuzaku                    E jingle
   pn suf -zan,san,yama                E mountain
       V1 -zaru o enai                 E cannot help___ing
           zawazawa                    E rustling, noisy with mouvement of many people
      prt -ze                          E you know
       Nr -zen                         E a pair of chopsticks
       Nr -zen                         E bowl of rice
     pref -zen                         E ex,former
           zendaitooryoo               E expresident
        N -zen                         E have an air of
     pref -zen                         E whole
           zenkokunin                  E the whole nation
       V3 -zo                          E at the end of a sentence) i tell you
      prt -zo                          E emphasis
       V1 -zu                          E another negative ending like nai
       V1 -zu jimai                    E end up without___doing
       V1 -zu ni                       E without___ing
       V1 -zu ni wa okanai             E cannot helb but to
       V1 -zu shite                    E without___ing
      Suf -zuke                        E dated
      mikkazuke                        E dated the third
      Suf -zuki                        E attached to
        tsuzuki                        E attached to the last part
   copulaN-zuki                        E person who likes
        N -zuku de                     E by means of
      Suf -zukume                      E covered with
       kurozukume                      E all in black
      Suf -zukushi                     E enumeration
       kunizukushi                     E enumeration the lands
      Suf -zume                        E appointment
   yokohamazume                        E appointed to the yokohama office
      Suf -zume                        E packed
       hakozume                        E packed in a box
      Suf -zume  tsume                 E appointment
      gotonzumi                        E fraight car
      Suf -zumi                        E load
           zunzun                      E without a moments delay
     futarizure                        E a party of two
      Suf -zure                        E company,party
           zutazuta                    E cut or tear into sheeds
        N -zutsu                       E a certain amount or quantity of time


   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Gramatical expressions
   ----------------------
   -kei...............form the systeme
   bunsetsu...............sentence part
   chinjutsu...............adverbial praedications
   daimeishi...............pronoun
   dooshi...............verb
   fukushi...............adverb
   genzai...............present
   gimonshi...............interogativ words
   giseigo...............describing noise
   giteigo...............describing an noisy action
   jakuhenka...............smooth conjugation declination
   jidooshi...............intransitiv,auxiliairy verbs
   joshi...............particle
   kako...............past
   kantooshi.kandooshi...............interjektion
   kateikei...............conditionel
   keigo...............polite base
   keiyooshi...............adjectives
   meireikei...............impoerativ of verbs
   meishi...............substantiv,thing
   meishishuushokugo...............modifying substantivs
   mirai...............futur
   mizenkei...............negativ base of the verbs
   rentaikei...............dictionary form
   rentaishi...............unconjugable adjectives
   renyookei...............progressive base of the verbs
   setsubiji,setsubigo...............suffixes
   setsuzooshiku...............conjunctions
   settooji.settoogo...............prefixes
   shinkoo...............progressiv
   shuushikei...............dictionary form
   suiryookei...............tentativ-base
   tadooshi...............transitive verb
   V3-rentaikei...............attributive base
   V3-shuushikei...............conclusive Base dictionary form



   surely there are much more but those are the mostly freqyent of all
   I appologize if their are mistakes in this list
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